The Advantages Disadvantages Of Employee Involvement Participation Management Essay

The Advantages Disadvantages Of Employee Involvement Participation Management Essay INTRODUCTION In pursuit of high performance by the employee to meet organizational objectives social scientists, psychologists and management thinkers have endeavoured to discover and implement the most appropriate ways. Motivational problems have come into even sharper prominence in recent years, as corporations of all sizes and in all fields face up to issues of heightened dynamic competition, ever-accelerating technological demands, and shortages of key technical and management skills, in a pervading climate of economic uncertainty and world recession. In order to survive, whole new activities have entered into the management lexicon as companies restructure, downsize, delayer, outplace and subcontract their satellite activities. Common to all formulations is, first, an understanding that people have the potential to provide competitive advantage and, second, that management styles should reflect the central importance of people as assets to be utilized in order to offer optimum benefit to the business. Employees must be drawn into the corporate culture and committed to its values and objectives; employees must be empowered to become self-managers rather than act as passive recipients to management plans must participate in decision making. the intention is to give employees a say in organizational affairs, the initiatives emerge from management and are linked, however tenuously, with the achievement of management objectives. We refer to this manifestation of employee influence enhancement as employee involvement. C Jeff Hyman and Rob Mason (1995, p. 5-6) EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT An environment is created due to employee involvement that leads to confusion on decision making and action side affecting their job. As practiced in many bodies of work employee involvement can never be an aim or a tool rather it is the philosophical thought of common men of managing and leading their work organization which results in betterment. A motivating and fetching environment is created which helps to keep back best employee with a feeling of own ness by involvement .When an organization truly wants to create a positive work environment that is based on high trust, exceptional customer service collaborative teamwork, operational excellence and creative problem solving, then the leadership team must begin to understand, invest in and be responsive to the needs of the group that represents the organizations most valuable assets and is also one of its most important customers, the employees. On return of very nominal investment comes high level of employee motivation, new idea s, promises and production which leads to the betterment of the organization and brings about more profit . A fundamental total quality management percept is that employees must be involved and empowered. Employee involvement refers to the importance of each and every employee who as a a fully mechanical unit employee do play a very important part for operation and maintain team leads to the progress of the organization. Each employees input is solicited and valued by, hisher management. Employees and management recognize that each employee is involved in running the business. One of the greatest underlying factors in the success or failure of any organization is the power of its people, and how well that power is focused towards meeting the organizations objectives. For production Organizations tapping the power of men are more strong and competitive in comparison to those that do not. Companies thinking their employee as mere machines never realize their capabilities; such organizations inefficiency attracts competition, until the philosophy of management changes. Employee involvement leads to empowering of employees , who are able to take part in decision-making and thoughts of improvement at their respective levels in the company. Since Mc Gregors theory y first brought to managers, the idea of a participative management style, employee involvement has taken many forms, including the job design approaches and special activities such as quality of work life (QWL) programs. A great thinker from Technical University of Crete A. Apostolou, gives the view that only people of one company brings about the difference of it from the other. The Japanese have always recognized this and it is one of the reasons for their success in world markets - they place tremendous value on the integration of people with organizational objectives, equipments and processes .The issue forced to be addressed by the employees are involvement, communication and development. The maturity of a company in the employment relationship is measured through the three issues. Man y people confuse communication systems such as team briefings with involvement. PRACTICES IN EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT One of the most well-known and widely used recognition devices is the use of suggestion systems. Employees offer suggestions (or improving processes or cutting costs and are recognised with small cash awards. The Japanese have been especially effective at making suggestion systems work. For instance, a typical high-performing Japanese plant in the auto components business generates 47 suggestions per employee a year and pays approximately the equivlent of U.S. $35 per suggestion. In contrast, a comparable Western factory generates about one suggestion per employee per year. but pays out $90 per suggestion. In 1995 Toyota received 1,9 million suggestions from employees of which they implemented 95%. Stephen P. Robbins ( p. 153-154) THE SCOPE OF PARTICIPATION An alternative state response to the uncertainties associated with market fluctuations is to offer employees a measure of protection against the harshness of unfettered market forces by providing them which some say in events which could disrupt or otherwise effect their working lives. It could also argue that repercussions of market developments strengthen the case for employee protection. The rise in part time and in conventional employment patterns serves to increase the dependence of employees upon organizations whose prime motivation is to respond effectively to market signals. In order for a protectionist process to serve a useful function for its intended beneficiaries appropriate mechanisms are needed to inform employees of their representatives of high level company. Participations under their conditions is likely to involve representative employee member of high level decision making bodies which formally equips them with opportunities for more profound inputs than are foun d with the narrowly defined market adaptation processes associated with employee involvement .though participative approaches aim to provide employees with protection , in their non collective bargaining format they might also derive from a less adverbial industrial relations perspective than that which give rise to employer dominated involvement. Where the need for adequate systems of representations of collective interests is recognized and accepted as a valuable contributor to long term industrial harmony, participation might also form part of a system which positively encourages employers to plan for the future through investment in plant, technology and people and to include human resource development as part of long term planning and investment strategy. In these instances, whilst providing employees with a measure of security, participative arrangements would also conform with a pattern of industrial decision-making typified by reference to long term performance objectives. EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT MODEL For people and organizations who desire a model to apply , the best i have discovered was developed from work by Tannebaum and Schmidt(1958) and Sadler(1970).While decision making they provide a continuum for leadership and involvement which leads to increment of role for employees and decrease for supervisors. The continuum includes this progression. Tell: the supervisor makes the decisions and announces it to staff. The supervisor provided complete directions. Sell: the supervisor makes the decision and then attempts to gain commitment from staff by selling the positive aspects of the decision. Consult: Though the final decision is given by the authority still supervisors are invited to put decision. Join: the employees are invited to make decisions with the supervisors. The keys to involvement are several complex: (a) Financial -> share ownership and profit distribution plans can help to foster an in terest in a companys affair at the competition level which is often hard to get across in the normal day to day routine of workplace activity. According to an industrial society survey, one in six UK employees holds the share in their organization. .The managers who were skewed were those who held stocks [one -third of the manager]. Amongst unskilled manual worker this dropped to just 5%. Half of all share owners surveyed felt that owing shares had made them more committed to the companys success although there was no significant difference on job satisfaction or their rating of their company overall as an employer. .An incentive is essential to increase its workers share to ownership if the company wishes to. One of the most common form of incentive is the use of employee share plans (ESOPs). These typically offer a one share purchase arrangement, with the company issuing matching shares from a s hare trust for every ordinary share purchased. Effectively a half- price buying arrangement but with the added bonus of tax savings. (b) Job security: Doubts as to whether you will still be with the company next week are hardly likely to encourage a sense of belonging. The Japanese identified this as obvious truism for several years. There is some evidence that this approach is starting to impact on the organization of labor contracts in the west The deal of Rover in 1992 changed the 80 year old tradition in USA, production for employees by assuring job security and lay off guarantees. A no compulsory redundancy policy was put into strains during 1980s and 1990s. The structure of the work organization itself determines many facets of the employment relationship; in particular, job design can influence the degree of control an employee has over his or her work and, with that, the degree of personal responsibility felt for the outcomes and quality of work. The system of multi shifts, in line methods and absence coverage helps in personal accountability, the work remains done without any prior condition of absence of employees and work results always positive unlike professional jobs. Consequently employees constrained by systems feel little sense of ownership of the total process. The survey of companies focuses on cell based production and group structure in working form, shows absenteeism, good quality of outcome and high production, which is brought about by greater sense of involvement and decision making responsibility. Digital Equipment for example use a derivative of autonomous work groups called High Performance Work Design. The compa ny feels they have achieved better quality, higher output, lower inventory and faster and more accurate decision making. The changes are not just restricted to the high tech finish of production. EMCAR, a clothing manufacturer, changed from traditional production lines to Autonomous Work Groups (AWGs), with individual piecework being replaced by a group bonus. As a consequence labour turnover and absenteeism went down accordingly in industrial norms leading to increased production. The given turnaround times on orders came down from six eight weeks to four weeks. METHODOLOGYÆ’Â   Employee participation and empowerment is a worldwide applicable technique. There have more options along with employee involvement. It brings together incentive programs, researches, focus and more. The aim is to identify the most efficient options of employee involvement that can be linked to the goals of an organization. In order to implement employee involvement and empowerment to an enterprise the following key actions need to take place: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Giving employee the responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Training employee to accept responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communicating and giving feedback à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Giving rewards and recognition Workers today are more and more being asked by management to join employee involvement programs in order to improve the quality of their work lives. In order to survive todays harsh and fierce fully competitive situations, the management realizes that only cooperation between the management and the workers can help tide over it. It very well understands that the days of forced labor management techniques are practices of the past and not realistic anymore. It is in the best interest of both workers and supervisors to increase happiness and satisfaction on the job, because happy and satisfied employees are productive employees who insure the employers profit and continued existence of the company and the workers jobs. In such programs management usually wants: 1. Access to the workers knowledge of the job. 2. The Management looks forward to acceptance of newer technologies without disapproval. 3. Freeness regarding work regulations, classification of works, assignment the contract for the cause of better efficiencies. 4. Contract differs and concessions of occasionally contract. If the chance of employee involvement is true and valid, it must have the most important six conditions as follows: 1. Management involves the union at the highest levels as an equal partner from planning, through implementation, and evaluation of employee involvement. To coordinate and set up the employee involvement committee a consultant is hired by the joint decision of union and management.. 2. It is a voluntary process for both union and company. The committee that deals with employee involvement is selected, elected by the union. 3. Collective bargaining and grievance matters are not a part of the program These matter stays out of employee involvement.. 4. Management accepts the proposal in written form that no worker can be downgraded as consequences of ideas generated by the employee in employee involvement committee. 5The monetary savings of employee involvement are distributed among workers through returns of more money in cheque, upgrading, less working hour, etc. The management and the union converging state this. . 6. Management actions on cooperation should be the same as management words. The management strives for a healthy relationship in its relationship with the union as it actively seeks to settle all differences at the lower level and tries to reason with the union against putting forward of cases for settlement as it leads to the depletion of the union treasury. The officers and the lower level members of the union are treated with the same respect by the management while at the same time seeing to it that the rights of all the members are duly obliged. In the studies of Virginia P., the impact perception of leadership style is use of power and conflict management style on organizational outcomes. Richmond, John P. To measure the employee satisfaction using continuum [tell, consult, join] researchers Wagner and James McCroskuv developed an instrument. Their research discovered that, the supervisor who wishes to generate positive impact on satisfaction with supervision, satisfaction with work, and solidarity and to reduce communication anxiety should strive to get her/his subordinates to perceive her/him as using a more employee-centered (consult-join) leadership style. At the same time, however, the supervisor cannot be seen by employees as abdicating responsibility for decision making. Examples: Tell: Good while communicating about government rules, safety norms, decisions that are not required for employee input. Sell: Decision remains safe from employee influence, useful. Where commitment is required Consult: Information to employee result successful consultation and end to discussion, where input is required but the supervisor holds the power of decision finalizing. Join: When the supervisor truly builds consensus around a decision and is willing to keep influence equal to that of the others providing input is called the key to a successful join. ***************************************************** Advantages Employees have knowledge about their customers and the company they work for. Employees are close to the business of purchase and sale. Employees have less knowledge regarding the supply needs and frequency than the employee Employees have prior knowledge about its weak and strong points in the team. Employees know about the logos and displays at the basic level. Disadvantages: Employees are devoid of knowledge what it needs to run a company. Employees may come up with grudges against the company or amongst themselves. Sometimes employees may not be dedicated in giving their best for the organizations. The overall success of the company depends on some investment of the employee Employees can present false interest. Employees may have conflicting interests ****************************************************** EXAMPLE: Initiating and Sustaining Employee Involvement at Lyondell Lyondell Petrochemical Company is engaged in the production of a huge variety of petrochemicals, including olefins, methanol, polyethylene and polypropylene. It is also engaged in the production of refined petroleum though through an affiliate. More than fifteen hundred workers work at four different production sites in Texas. Its headquarters is in Houston in 1980s; Bob Gover was on a group which suggested convergence of petrochemical and refinement of the company, to stop loss of money and formation of new companies. Atlantic Richfield called the company Lyondell Petrochemical and asked Gower to run it. Choosing to regard as with improvement in production, a challenge an organization that had lost a total of $200 million each year for the past three years, Gower accepted Gower had many problems other than serious red ink .Due to lack of any assets the company could not stand apart in competition .It did not enjoy any extra credit in the market or neither have any special technology .The only way to differentiate itself and bring back profitability. But, as Gower notes, Morale was low and costs were way too high. Matters became more badly when Lyondell made a new management team. I was told that I could talk into joining m e. No doubt Atlantic Richfields leaders felt pretty safe with such a generous offer, but they did not count on Gowers persuasive powers. He not only pulled together a management team, but the people who came where risk takers who believed, as I did, that people are the key to a successful turnaround. And Lyondell has succeeded. In 1989 Lyondell was ranked first by Fortune, for sales per employee under all the best industrial companies in the USA. . It earned the same honor again in 1990 and1991.Baldrige was visited in 1991 and 1992. Employee involvement leads Lyondell to his success. A change in managements attitude brings about the initiation of employee involvement. To save Lyondell from loss of money his leaders turned to employee involvement, as they believed people have good ideas to share and are responsible, are proud of their work, etc. want responsibility. GROWTH OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT There is a growing body of evidence that, in aggregate, usage of the involvement techniques outlined above has increased throughout , mainly Europe (bean 1994:183), the united states (eg- Deutsch and Schurman 1993) and, we shall now show, especially in the UK. Since the 1960s in Japan, there has developed a range of quality based involvement technique and informal communicative practices, which have also helped to influence practice in America and the UK (Oliver and Wilkinson 1992: chap-2). The Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys-WIRS, conducted in 1980, 1984 and most recently in 1990, provide a comprehensive view of development in workplace industrial relations in Britain. The research gives the view that in the early 1980s, managers reported a higher increase in the introduction of all types of employee involvement between 1980 and 1984 than in the three years prior to 1980. Overall, the proportion of managers reporting any initiative to increase involvement rose from 24% to 35% with specific emphasis given to Two -Way Communication Systems, a trend confirmed by worker representatives in the research. This current research gave focus on some qualitative changes in involvement practice in that the incidence of collective- oriented consultation. THE RATIONALE FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION: Employee participation, conversely, emerges from a collective employee interest to optimize the physical, security and inspirational conditions under which employees a re-contracted to serve . These ambitions are likely to be supported and promoted by political ideas, systems and parties, sensitive to the potential deprivations which accompany unregulated market operations, but resisted by employers whose freedom of action may be curtailed by protective participation procedure. An example of employer prejudice to employee participation proposals is well demonstrated by the UK experience. Tensions between the contrasting interests of employers and labor became evident in the UK, during the late 1970s: during this period, political expediency to mobilize union support was articulated by a strong union impetus toward participative arrangement, which were capable of propelling employee interests beyond the areas bounded by collective bargaining alone. Together, these movements manifested in proposals for worker and representative councils. The most inspiring of these initiatives was without any doubt the attempt to introduce a participative framework based on worker directors using the theory of unitary board, composed of equal numbers of shareholder and union workers supplemented by a minority of Neutral Director. Thus both employee involvement and participation are interrelated and is essential in society as said above. Though both have its own qualities, boon and bane, it is essential for balancing work environment and the working culture. Involvement and participation makes work more responsible and results are their best as all hold their own pride for their part of work done under a team. Work Citations

Art – Vincent Van Gogh

When she rejected him, van Gogh suffered a breakdown. He threw away all his books except for the Bible, and devoted his life to God. He became angry with people at work, telling customers not to buy the â€Å"worthless art. † He was eventually fired. Between the time of the heartbreak/ breakdown and the fall of 1880, van Gogh taught at a Methodist boys' school. He aspired to become a minister and after a year of diligently studying, he refused to take the exams in what he called Latin, the â€Å"dead language of poor people. † He was denied entrance. In the winter of 1878, the same thing happened again.Van Gogh volunteered to preach and minister to the sick in south of Belgium. The evangelical committees disagreed with van Sago's lifestyle, which begun to take a tone of martyrdom. They refused to renew van Sago's contract and he was forced to find another occupation (Vincent Van Gogh). In the fall of 1880, van Gogh decided to move to Brussels and become an artist. Altho ugh he had no formal training, his younger brother Thee offered to support van Gogh financially. At the academy, he met Nathan van Rapped, who was to be his most important artist friend during his Dutch period.The Climax of his life In April 1881, van Gogh moved in with his parent's where he set himself the task of earning how to draw. He experimented endlessly with all sorts of drawing materials and concentrated on mastering the technical aspects of his craft like perspective, anatomy and physiognomy. Most of his subjects were taken from peasant life. After a couple encounters with different women, he moved in again with his parent's, who were now living in Ennui. The Potato Eaters The paining consisted of 5 figures sitting around a square table eating potatoes.Four of them are females and one male. Although the piece is laced in darkness, the mixed emotions residing in the faces of the occupants shine out brightly. These fugues are so intense that one can nearly hear the conversat ion being spoken. Subtle aspects create the illusion that the building is an actual residence for the five figures. The portrayal of ordinary peasant life did not come in a burst of creativity. Van Gogh had this painting planned out in advance. Van Gogh had a sense of confidence that took him to advertising the painting before he even had it.Nevertheless, the Potato Eaters failed to become the painting he set his mind to. Today, however, the painting has reached great heights in the artistic community and is considered as one of his retreat masterpieces, as he had intended it to be (The van Gogh Gallery). In Ennui, van Gogh first began painting regularly, modeling himself chiefly on the French painter Jean-Franà §ois Millet, who was famous throughout Europe for his scenes of the harsh life of peasants. Van Gogh set to work with an iron will, depicting the lives of villagers and humble workers.In the end of 1884, he began painting and drawing a major series of heads and work-roughen ed peasant hands in preparation for a large and complex figure piece that he was planning. By April of 1885, this period of his life came to fruition in the masterpiece of his Dutch Period. In the summer of 1885, he made a large number of drawings of the peasants working in the fields. The supply of models dried up; however, when the local priest forbade his parishioners to pose for van Gogh. He thus turned to painting landscape, inspired in part by a visit to Risks museum in Amsterdam.This same year he enrolled at the academy in Antwerp. He found the lessons rather tedious but was impressed by the city and its museums. He fell under the spell of Rueben' palette and brushwork and also discovered Japanese prints. In early 1886, van Gogh went to live with his brother in Paris. There he was finally confronted with the full impact of modern art, especially with the recent work of the impressionists and vivisectionists. He discovered that the dark palette he had developed in Holland was out of date. In order to brighten up he began painting still lives of flowers.The search of his own idiom led him to experiment with impressionist and postmodernists techniques. He also studied the prints of Japanese master. During this time, he made friends with fellow artists such as Paul Gauguin, Emilee Bernard, Paul Signal, and Georges Serrate. Within two years van Gogh name to terms with his latest development and had forged his own highly personal style. In the early 1888, van Gogh was now a mature artist, who went south to Arles, in Provence. There was where he at last began to feel confident about his choice of career.He set out to make a personal contribution to modern art with his daring color combinations. He was swept away by the landscape around Arles. In the spring he painted numerous scenes of fruit trees in full blossom. In the summer he painted the yellow wheat fields. Although he had difficulty finding models, he did make portraits, among which were those in the Ro lling family. It was typical of van Sago's faith in his own abilities that he decided not to try to sell any work yet but to wait until he had thirty top-class pictures with which he could announce himself to the world.He enjoyed the thought that a number of other artists would come and Join him in Arles, where they could all live and work together. The idea seemed to get off to a promising star when Gauguin arrived in October of 1888 (Vincent Van Gogh [1853-1890]). The End Although towards the end of 1888, his optimism was rudely shattered by the first signs of his illness, a type of epilepsy that took the form of delusions and psychotic attacks. It was during one of those seizures that he cut off his left earlobe. Gauguin made hasty departure and van Sago's dreams of an artist's colony disappeared.In April of 1889 he entered himself in the Saint-Paul-De-Mausoleum asylum as a voluntary patient. Van Gogh was unable to work when he suffered episodes of his illness, if he felt well en ough, he went out to draw and paint in the garden or surroundings of the asylum. His use of color, which was once intense, became mute. He tried to make his brushwork more graphic. By the closing months of the year, he successfully had two f his paintings shown at the fifth exhibition of Society des artistes independents. Van Gogh made a large number of â€Å"transitions in color† of prints by some of his favorite artists, like Millet and Eugene Delicacies.He found them consoling. They helped him keep in practice (Van Gogh: His Life and Art). Starry Night One of van Sago's most well-known paintings is Starry Night. The features within the painting are responsible for its growing popularity. There are actually several main aspects that intrigue those that view the image. The sky is filled with swirling clouds, stars ablaze with their own luminescence and a bright crescent moon. Although the features are exaggerated, it is view most individuals are comfortable with. This painti ng was painted while in an Asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889 (The van Gogh Gallery).In January of 1890, although he now had a small but growing group of admirers, van Gogh had lost his original passion. He wrote to his brother: â€Å"l feel – a failure. That's it as far as I am concerned- I feel that this is the destiny that I accept, that will never change. † He nevertheless continued working hard during his two months in Avers-sure-Jose, producing dozens of paintings and drawings. Life had become an intolerable burden. At Eternity's Gate At Eternity's Gate also known as Sorrowing Old Man is an oil painting that he made in 1890 in Saint-Remy.The painting was completed in early May at a time when he was convalescing from a severe relapse in health and two or so months before his death. The work depicts an aged man seated with his head held in his hands, experiencing extreme sorrow and regret at the moment of his passing. Although this was Just once a drawing from 1882, it w as until he was at Saint- Remy that he painted this work. It reflects the emotions van Gogh must have been feeling as his mental state deteriorated (The van Gogh Gallery). On July 27, 1890, he hot himself in the chest. He died two days later.Thee, who had stored the bulk of Vincent work in Paris, died six months later. Theses widow, Johanna van Gogh- Bonged returned to Holland with the collection and dedicated herself to getting her brother in law the recognition he deserved. In 1914, with his fame assured, she published the correspondence between the two brothers. Today, van Gogh is considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt. Unfortunately, van Gogh was not around to witness the greatness his works became. He contributed so much to the artistic community with his use of nature and painting figures the way he arrayed them.

Comparison of Public and Private Banks

A â€Å"SUMMER TRAINING† PROJECT REPORT ON COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS ANP PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Submitted To: PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,JALANDHAR MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(MBA) SESSION(2007-09) CT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING,MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY,JALANDHAR (SHAHPUR CHAMPUS) PREFACE Someone has rightly said that practical experience is for better and closer to the real world then mere theoretical exposure.The practical experience helps the students view the real world closely, which in turn widely influences their perceptions and argument their understanding of the real situation. Research work constitutes the backbone of any management education programme. A management student has to do research work quite frequently during his entire span. The research work entitle â€Å"COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS AND PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS† aims to analyze various services provided by private sector banks and public sector banks for this pu rpose Pathankot city have been chosen.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel immense pleasure to give the credit of my summer training project work not only to one individual effort of all those who concern with it. I want to thanks to all those individual who guided me to move on the track. The summer training project entitled â€Å"COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PRIVATE SECTOR AND PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS† I am gratefully indebted to Mr. Davinder Singh for providing me all the necessary help and required guideline for the completion of my project and also for the valuable time that he gave me from his scdedule. Neha Kapoor TABLE OF CONTENTS |CHAPTER NO. PARTICULARS |PAGE NO. | | 1 |INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY | 1-23 | | 2 |OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY | 24-25 | | 3 | 3. 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | 26-36 | | | | | | |3. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY | | | | |37 | | 4 |DATA ANALYSIS AND ITS INTERPRETATION | 38-46 | | 5 |FINDING OF THE STUDY | 47-50 | | 6 |SUGGESTIONS 51-54 | | 7 |CONCLUSION | 55-56 | | 8 |BIBLIO GRAPHY | 57-58 | | 9 |ANNEXURE | 59-62 | Introduction The world of banking has assumed a new dimension at dawn of the 21st century with the advent of tech banking, thereby lending the industry a stamp of universality.In general, banking may be classified as retail and corporate banking. Retail banking, which is designed to meet the requirement of individual customers and encourage their savings, includes payment of utility bills, consumer loans, credit cards, checking account and the like. Corporate banking, on the other hand, caters to the need of corporate customers like bills discounting, opening letters of credit, managing cash, etc. Metamorphic changes took place in the Indian financial system during the eighties and nineties consequent upon deregulation and liberalization of economic policies of the government.India began shaping up its economy and earmarked ambitious plan for economic growth. Consequently, a sea change in money and capital markets took place. Application of marketing concept in the banking sector was introduced to enhance the customer satisfaction the policy of privatization of banking services aims at encouraging the competition in banking sector and introduction of financial services. Consequently, services such as Demat, Internet banking, Portfolio Management, Venture capital, etc, came into existence to cater to the needs of public.An important agenda for every banker today is greater operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The mew watchword for the bank is pretty ambitious: customer delight. The introduction to the marketing concept to banking sectors can be traced back to American Banking Association Conference of 1958. Banks marketing can be defined as the part of management activity, which seems to direct the flow of banking services profitability to the customers. The marketing concept basically requires that there should be thorough understanding of customer need and to learn about market it operates in.Further the market is segmented so as to understand the requirement of the customer at a profit to the banks. DEFINITION OF BANK The Oxford dictionary defines the Bank as, â€Å"An establishment for the custody of money, which it pays out, on a customer’s order. † According to Whitehead, â€Å" A Bank is defined as an institution which collects surplus funds from the public, safeguards them, and makes them available to the true owner when required and also lends sums be their true owners to those who are in need of funds and can provide security. † Banking Company in India has been defined in the Banking Companies act 1949, One which transacts the business of banking which means the accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment of the deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand, or otherwise and withdraw able be cheque, draft, order or otherwise. † The banking system is an integral subsystem of the financial system. It represents an important channel of collecting small savings form the households and lending it to the corporate sector. The Indian banking system has Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the apex body for all matters relating to the banking system. It is the central Bank of India.It is also known as the Banker To All Other Banks. EVOLUTION OF INDIAN BANKING Ancient banking system of India constituted of indigenous bankers. They have been carrying on their age-old banking operations in different parts of the country under different names. The modern age of banking constitutes the fundamental basis of economic growth. The term Bank is being used since long time but there is no clear conception regarding its beginning. According to the viewpoint, in good old days. Italian money leaders were known as â€Å"Banchi† because they kept a special type of table to transact their business.IMPORTANCE OF BANKS Today banks have become a part and parcel of Kotak Bank's life. There was a time when dwellers of the city alone coul d enjoy their services. Now banks offer access to even a common man and their activities extend to areas hitherto untouched. Banks cater to the needs of agriculturalists, industrialists, traders and to all the other sections of the society. In modern age, the banking constitutes the fundamental basis of economic growth. Thus, they accelerate the economic growth of a country and steer the wheels of the economy towards its goals of â€Å"self reliance in all fields†.It naturally arouses Kotak Bank's interest in knowing more about the ‘Bank’ and the various men and the activities connected with it. Indian Banking System Banking in India has its origin as early as the Vedic period. It was believed that transition from money lending to banking must have occurred even before Manu, The great Hindu Jurist, who has devoted a section of his work to deposit advance and laid down rules relating to rates of interest. During the Mogul period, the indigeneousBankers played a ve ry important role in lending money financing foreign trade and commerce.During the days of East India Company, it was turn over the agency houses to carry on the business. â€Å"The General Bank of India† was the first to join sector in the year 1786. The others that followed were the Bank of Hindustan and the Bengal bank. The bank of Hindustan is reported to have continued till 1906 while the other two failed in the meantime. In the first half of the 19th century the East India Company established three banks: 1. Bank of Bengal (1809). 2. Bank of Bombay (1840). 3. Bank of Madras (1843. These three banks are also known as Presidency Banks were independent units and functioned well.These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established on 27th january1921, which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders, with the passing of time Imperial bank was taken over by the newly constituted State bank of India act in1955. In 186 5 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up.Reserve Bank of India came in 1935. On July, 1969, 14 major banks of India were nationalized and on 15th April, 1980 six more commercial private banks were also taken over by the government. Reserve Bank of India The Banking system is an integral sub-system of the financial system. It represents an important channel of collecting small savings from the households and lending it to the corporate sector. The Indian banking system has The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the apex body from all matters relating to the banking system. It is the â€Å"Central Bank† of India and act as the banker to all other banks.Functions of RBI: †¢ Currency issuing authority †¢ Banker to the government. †¢ B anker to other Bank. †¢ Framing of monetary policy. †¢ Exchange control. †¢ Custodian to foreign exchange and gold reserves. †¢ Development activities. †¢ Research and development in the banking sector. CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS On the basis of Ownership PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Public sector banks are those banks that are owned by the government. The government owns these banks. In India 20 banks were nationalized in 1969 and 1980 respectively. Social welfare is there main objective. PRIVATE SECTOR BANKSThese banks are those banks that are owned and run by private sector. An individual has control over these banks in proportion to the shares of the banks held by him. CO-OPERATIVE BANKS These are those banks that are jointly run by a group of individuals. Each individual has an equal share in these banks. Its shareholders manage the affairs of the bank. According to the Law SCHEDULED BANK Schedule banks are the banks, which are included in the second schedule of th e banking regulation act 1965. According to this schedule bank: 1. Must have paid-up capital and reserve of not less than Rs500, 000. . Must also satisfy the RBI that its affairs are not conducted in a manner Determinate to the interest of its depositors. Schedule banks are sub-divided as:- a) State co-operative banks b) Commercial banks NON-SCHEDULED BANKS Non -schedule banks are the banks, which are not included in the second schedule of the banking regulation act 1965. It means they do not satisfy the conditions lay down by that schedule. These are the banks having paid up capital, less than Rs. 5Lakhs. They are further classified as follows:- A. Central Co-operative banks and Primary Credit Societies.B. Commercial banks According to Function COMMERCIAL BANKS These are the banks that do banking business to earn profit. These banks make loans for short to business and in the process create money. Credit creation is the main function of these banks. FOREIGN BANKS These are those ba nks that are incorporated by foreign company. They have set up their branches in India. These banks have their head offices in foreign countries. Their principle function is to make credit arrangement or the export and the import of the country and these banks deals in foreign exchange. INDUSTRIAL BANKSIndustrial banks are those banks that offer long term and medium term loan to the industries and also work for their development. These banks help industries in sale of their shares, debentures and bonds. They give loan to the industries for the purchase of land and machinery. AGRICULTURAL BANKS Agricultural banks are those banks that give credit to agricultural sector of the economy. SAVING BANKS The principle function of these banks is to collect small savings across the country and put them to the productive use. In India department of post office functions a savings banks. CENTRAL BANKCentral Bank is the apex bank of the banking system of the country. It issues currency notes and acts a banker's bank. Economic stability is the principle function of this bank. In short, it regulates and controls the banking system of the country. RBI is the Central Bank of India. PRIVATIZATION OF INDIAN BANKING For the public sector banks, the era of bumper profit is over. For much of the last decade the process of collaborated financial liberalization had cleared up the Bank’s balance sheet enabling them to with stand increased competition, global financing, turmoil and even unprotected industrial slow down.But the cycle of liberalization has run its full course. Now it is the time for the big structural leap, rationalization, mergers, and privatization. Unless the banks undertake these fundamental changes, their profit will stay under pressure. There are twp areas of competitions which banking industry is facing internationally and nationally. In the pre-liberalization era, Indian banks could grow in a closed economy but the banking sector opened up for private compe tition. It is possible that private banks could become dominant players even within India.It has been recorded a rapid rise of the new private sector banks and it has tracked the transformation of the public sector banks as they grapple with the changes of financial deregulation. Use of ATM cards, Internet Banking, Phone Banking, Mobile Banking are the new innovative channels of banking which are being widely used as they result in saving both time and money which are two essential things that every one is short of and is running to catch hold of them. Moreover private sector banks are aligning its infrastructures, marketing quality and technology to build deep commitment in building consumer and retail banking.The main focus of these banks is on innovative range of services or products. STRUCTURE OF BANKING SYSTEM Different countries of the world have different types of banking systems. However, commercial banking had grown under all these banking systems. To understand the structu re of banking system, let us take up various types of banking systems one by one. These types are: (1) UNIT BANKING Unit Banking originated in the United State of America. It grew in the United States of America. As a counter part of independent or industrial units. An independent unit bank is a corporation that operates one office and that is not related to other banks through either ownership or control. Shaper, Solomon and White. Thus under unit banking, a single bank is a complete organization in itself having its own management. The scale of operation is small and the area is restricted to a locality only. Unit banking is localized banking and is much more responsive to the needs of the locality. It has better understanding of the local problems and conditions, which helps it to cater to the needs of the area in a better way.The staff of the unit bank is generally local and is in a better position to determine the standing or desirability of the customers. The failure of the un it bank will not endanger the banking system and economy. It is free from the difficulties and diseconomies of large scale operations. It will not drain out the financial resources of villages and small towns to big industrial centers and will ensure a balanced growth. (2) BRANCH BANKING: Economic and Managerial problems faced by the unit banks let to the emergence of banking system. Now, This the most popular and important banking system.In branch banking, a bank has a large network of branches scattered all over the country. Branch banking developed in England. Subsequently most of the countries of the world adopted the system. In terms of branches, the State Bank of India has emerged as one of the largest banks in the world. As under the system the resources of a number of branches get pooled under the same management, any individual branch is in a better position to face excessive withdrawals by the customers. It facilitates diversification of activities because the area covered by the branches is generally widespread.Under the system branches can operate without keeping large idle cash reserves. It becomes possible for the bank to hire the services of competent and professionally qualified managers, capable of understanding the handling technical problems and complex situations. The cost of remitting or transferring funds from one place to another works out to be less. The staff stays at a branch only for a limited period, so the chances of objective decision making in the branch banking are high. Branch Banking tends to bring homogeneity in the prevailing Interest Rates as it increases the mobility of resources from one place to another.It is easier for the Central Bank to exercise Control. It will communicate only with a few Registered /Head Offices of the Banks and not with each individual branch. In this system there more safety and liquidity of funds. The choice of securities and investments is larger. Branch banking makes complete banking services a vailable to the smallest communities. The branches in small localities can be initially operated at loss in expectation of future gains. The comparative study of unit banking and branch banking is a case of small scale banking versus large scale banking. It is evident that the scale is clearly titled towards branch banking.With the growth of large scale business it is no wonder that the trend is almost every country towards the branch banking i. e. big banks with a network of branches all over the country. Even in the U. S. A. The birthplace of unit banking. The Bank of America has now more than 500 branches in the state of California itself. (3) CHAIN BANKING : Shaper, Solomon and White have defined Chain Banking as â€Å"An arrangements by which two or more banks –each of which retains its identity, capital and personnel –are brought under common control by any device other than a Holding Company. † Under the system there is pooling of resources.Chain banking overcomes certain limitations of unit banking. But the system suffers from certain limitations of its own. There may be a lack of co-ordination, proper control etc. The system is inflexible. (4) GROUP BANKING : It is similar to Chain Banking, the difference being that under Group Banking two or more banks are brought under the control of the same management through a Holding Company. Both the systems aim at gaining the advantages of large scale operations. The banks are able to pool their resources in case of emergency or when large amount of cash is required to meet the loan requirements of the customer.The advantages and disadvantages of both the systems are similar. Both the systems developed in the United State of America as a result of attempts to overcome the difficulties or limitations of unit banking. (5) CORRESPONDENT BANKING: Under Correspondent banking, small banks serving local communities hold deposits with joint banks serving in big cities. This kind of banking is prev alent in U. S. A. The correspondent banks perform two important services of outstation cheque clearing and loan participation for the respondent banks while they benefit for the deposit funds of respondent banks.A) COMMERCIAL BANKS [pic] PRIMARY FUNCTIONS : 1) Accepting of Deposits : A bank accepts deposits from the public. People can deposit their cash balances in either of the following accounts to their convenience:- a. Fixed or Time Deposit Account : Cash is deposited in this account for a fixed period. The depositor gets receipts for the amount deposited. It is called Fixed Deposit Receipt. The receipt indicates the name of the depositor, amount of deposit, rate of interest and the period of deposit. This receipt is not transferable.If the depositor stands in need of the amount before the expiry of fixed period, he can withdraw the same after paying the discount to the bank. b. Savings Account : This type of deposit suits to those who just want to keep their small savings in a bank and might need to withdraw them occasionally. Banks provide a certain rate of interest on the minimum balance kept by the depositor during the month. c. Current Account : This type of account is kept by the businessman who are required to withdraw money every new and then. Banks do not pay any interest on this account.Any sum or any number of withdrawals can be presented by such an account holder. 2) Advancing of Loans : The bank advances money in any one of the following ways. a. Overdraft Facilities : Customers of good trading are allowed to overdraw from their current account. But they have to pay interest on extra amount they have withdrawn. Overdrafts are allowed to provide temporary accommodation since the extra amount withdrawn is payable within a short period. b. Money at Call : It is the money lent for a very short period varying from 1 to 14 days.Such advances are usually made to other banks and financial institutions only. Money at call ensures liquidity. In the Inte rbank market it enables bank to make adjustment according to their liquidity requirements. c. Loans : Loans are granted by the banks on securities which can be easily disposed off in the market. When the bank has satisfied itself regarding the soundness of the party, a loan is advanced. d. Cash Credit : The Debtor is allowed to withdraw a certain amount on a given security. The debtor withdraws the amount within this limit, interest is charged by the bank on the amount actually withdrawn. . Discounting Bill of Exchange : It is another method of making advances by the banks. Under this method, bank give advance to their clients on the basis of their bills of exchange before the maturity of such bills. f. Investment in Government Securities : Purchasing of government securities by the banks tantamount to advancing loans by them to the Government. Banks prefer to buy government securities as these are considered to be the safest investment. For example : Indira Vikas Patra : It enables the banks to meet requirement of statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) ) Credit Creation :One of the main functions of banks these days is to create credit. Banks create credit by giving more loans than their cash reserves. Banks are able to create credit because the demand deposits i. e. a claim against the bank is accepted by the public in settlement of their debts. In this process the bank creates money. For this reason Prof. Sayers has called bank â€Å"the manufactures of money. † 4) Cheque system of Payment of Funds A cheque, a negotiable instrument, which in fact is a bill of exchange, drawn upon a banker, is the most popular credit instrument used by the client to make payments.Cheque system is the main credit instrument in the banking world. Although a cheque is not a legal tender money, the serves as a medium of exchange in a limited way as it is a negotiable instrument. Because of â€Å"clearing houses† and â€Å"clearing† operations of the banks, cheques can be and are used for transferring funds from one centre to another. In the modern days they can also be used for transferring funds from one country to another. SECONDARY FUNCTIONS Besides the above primary functions, banks also perform may secondary functions such as agency functions, general utility and social functions.A) Agency Functions Banks act as agents to their customers in different ways :- i) Collection and Payment of Credit and Other Instruments: The Commercial banks collect and pay cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes, hundies, rent, interest etc. On behalf of their customers and also make payments of income tax, fees, insurance premium etc. on behalf of the customers. Customers can leave standing instructions with the banker for various periodic payments ensuring the regular payments and avoiding the trouble of performing it themselves. ii) Purchase and Sale of Securities : The modern ommercial banks also undertake the purchase and sale of various securities like shares, stocks, bonds units and debentures etc. On behalf of the customers, banks do not give any advice regarding the suitability or otherwise of a security but simply perform the functions of a broker. iii) Trustee and Executor : Banks also acts as trustees and executors of the property of their customers on their advice. Sometimes banks also undertake income tax services on behalf of the customers. iv) Remittance of Funds : The Commercial banks remit funds on behalf of clients from one place to another through cheques, drafts, mail transfers etc. ) Representation and Correspondence : Sometimes commercial banks acts as representatives or correspondents of the clients especially in handling various applications. For instance, passports and travel tickets, booking of vehicles, plots etc. vi) Billion Trading : In many countries, the commercial banks trade is billions like gold and silver. In Oct 1997, 8 banks including SBI, IOB, Canara Bank and Allahabad Bank have been allowed import of gold which has been put under open general licensed category. vii) Purchase and Sale of Foreign Exchange : Banks buy and sell foreign exchange, promoting international trade.This function is mainly discharged by foreign Exchange Banks. viii) Letter of References : Banks also give information about economic position of their customers to domestic and foreign traders and vice versa. B) GENERAL UTILITY SERVICES In addition to agency services, banks render many more utility services to the public. These services are :- i) Locker Facilities : Banks provide locker facilities to their customers. People can keep their valuables or important documents in these lockers. Their annual rent is very nominal. ii) Acting as a referee : It desired by the customers, the bank can be a referee i. . who could be referred by the third parties for seeking information regarding the financial position of the customers. The bank will acts as referee only and only if it is desired by the customer, o therwise the secrecy of a customers is account is maintained very carefully. iii) Issuing letters of credit : Bankers in a way by issuing letters of credit certify the credit worthiness of the customers. Letters of credit are very popular in foreign trade. iv) Acting as Underwriters : Banks also underwrite the securities issued by the Government and Corporate bodies for a commission.The name of bank as an underwriter encouraged investors to have faith in the security. v) Acting as information banks : Commercial banks also acts as â€Å"information† bureau as they collect the financial, economic and statistical data relating to industry, trade and commerce. HDFC Bank is providing information relating to NRI Schemes and commentaries of experts on development in the areas of finance through Internet. vi) Issuing Traveler’s cheques and credit cards : Banks have been rendering great service by issuing traveler’s cheques, which enable a person to travel without fear o f theft or loss of money.Now, some banks have started credit card system under which a credit card holder is allowed to avail credit from the listed outlets without any additional cost or effort. Thus, credit card holder need not carry or handle cash all the time. Now, international credit cards are joining hands with Indian Banks. vii) Issuing of gift cheques: Certain banks issue gift cheques of various denominations, e. g. Some Indian banks issue gift cheques f the denominations of Rs. 21, 31, 51 and 101 etc. They are generally issued free of charge. viii) Dealing in Foreign Exchange: Major branches of commercial banks also transact business of foreign exchange.Commercial banks are the main authorized dealers of foreign exchange in India. ix) Merchant banking Services: Commercial banks also render merchant banking services to the customers. They help in availing loans from non-banking financial institutions. x) Help in Transportation of Goods: Big businessmen or industrialists aft er consigning goods to their retailers send the Railway Receipt (Consignment Note) to the bank. List of Public Sector Banks o State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur o State Bank of Hyderabad o State Bank of Indore o State Bank of Mysore o State Bank of Saurastra State Bank of Travancore Other Nationalised banks are: †¢ Allahabad Bank †¢ Andhra Bank †¢ Bank of Baroda †¢ Bank of India †¢ Bank of Maharastra †¢ Canara Bank †¢ Central Bank of India †¢ Corporation Bank †¢ Dena Bank †¢ Indian Bank †¢ Indian Overseas Bank †¢ Oriental Bank of Commerce †¢ Punjab & Sind Bank †¢ Punjab National Bank †¢ Syndicate Bank †¢ UCO Bank †¢ Union Bank of India †¢ United Bank of India †¢ Vijaya Bank List of Private Sector Bank †¢ Bank of Punjab †¢ Bank of Rajasthan †¢ Catholic Syrian Bank †¢ Centurion Bank †¢ City Union Bank †¢ Dhanalakshmi Bank †¢ Development Credit Bank †¢ Fede ral Bank †¢ HDFC Bank ICICI Bank †¢ IDBI Bank †¢ IndusInd Bank †¢ ING Vysya Bank †¢ Jammu & Kashmir Bank †¢ Karnataka Bank †¢ Karur Vysya Bank †¢ Laxmi Vilas Bank †¢ South Indian Bank †¢ United Western Bank †¢ UTI Bank List of Foreign Banks in India †¢ ABN-AMRO Bank †¢ Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank †¢ Bank of Ceylon †¢ BNP Paribas Bank †¢ Citi Bank †¢ China Trust Commercial Bank †¢ Deutsche Bank †¢ HSBC †¢ JPMorgan Chase Bank †¢ Standard Chartered Bank †¢ Scotia Bank †¢ Taib Bank Upcoming Foreign Banks In India [pic] |[pic] | By 2009 few more names is going to be added in the list of foreign banks in India.This is as an aftermath of the sudden interest shown by Reserve Bank of India paving roadmap for foreign banks in India greater freedom in India. Among them is the world's best private bank by Euro Money magazine, Switzerland's UBS. The following are the list of foreign b anks going to set up business in India †¢ Royal Bank of Scotland †¢ Switzerland's UBS †¢ US-based GE Capital †¢ Credit Suisse Group †¢ Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Merrill Lynch is having a joint venture in Indian investment banking space — DSP Merrill Lynch. Goldman Sachs holds stakes in Kotak Mahindra arms.GE Capital is also having a wide presence in consumer finance through GE Capital India. India's GDP is seen growing at a robust pace of around 7% over the next few years, throwing up opportunities for the banking sector to profit from. The credit of banks has risen by over 25% in 2004-05 and the growth momentum is expected to continue over the next four to five years. Participation in the growth curve of the Indian economy in the next four years will provide foreign banks a launch pad for greater business expansion when they get more freedom after April 2009. Objectives of the StudyThis study has been conducted with a variety of importa nt objectives in mind. The following provides us with the chief objectives that have tried to achieve through the study. The extent to which these objectives have been met could judged from the conclusions and suggestions, which appear in the later of this study. The Chief Objectives of this study are: 1. To find the bank sector that is largely availed by the customer. 2. To study the factors the factors influencing the choice of a bank for 3. availing services. 4. To find and compare the satisfaction level of customers in public sector 5. s well as in private sectors bank. 6. To study the problem faced by customer. 7. To get suggestions for improvement or change in the services of public and private sector banks. 8. To study what do people expect in the new era of banking. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is an art of scientific investigation. In other word research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. The logic behind taking research me thodology into consideration is that one can have knowledge about the method and procedure adopted for achievement of objectives of the project.With the adoption of this others can evaluate the results also. Its main aim is to keep the researchers on the right track. The methodology adopted for studying the objectives was surveying the saving account holders of District Jalandhar. So keeping in view the nature of requirements of the study to collect all the relevant information regarding the comparison of saving account of Centurion Bank of Punjab with other banks, direct personal interview method with structured questionnaire was adopted for the collection of primary data. Secondary data has been collected through the various magazines and newspapers and by surfing on Internet.And the guide in the organization was consulted at many times. SAMPLE DESIGN:-A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the techniques or the procedure th e researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample. Sample design may as well lay down the number of items to be included in the sample i. e. , the size of the sample. Sample design is determined before data are collected. Here we select the population as sample in our sample design. The selected respondents should be as representatives of the total population.POPULATION:- The persons holding saving account related to business class of District Jalandhar were taken into consideration. DATA COLLECTION Data was collected by using main two methods i. e primary data and secondary data. PRIMARY DATA Primary data is the data which is used or collected for first time and it is not used by anyone in the past. There are number of sources of primary data from which the information can be collected. We choose the following resources for our research. QUESTIONNAIRE:-This method of data collection is quite popular, particular in case of big enquiries.Here in our research we set 15 simple questions and request the respondents to answer these questions with correct information. RESPONDENTS:-Respondents helps in creation of more accurate idea about our research. We personally meet the respondents inside and outside the banks. SECONDARY DATA Secondary data is the data which is available in readymade form and which is already used by people for some purposes. There may be various sources of secondary data such as-newspapers, magazines, journals, books, reports, documents and other published information.BANKS ANNUAL REPORTS:-Banks issues there annual reports to get the people informed with the profitability and growth of the bank. These annual reports helps us a lot to get the latest data and other related information for our research. It tells us about the increase or decrease in profits and other facilities. JOURNALS AND PUBLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT BANKS :- We also take into consideration the journals and publications issued by the bank at different times. we comes to kn ow about the Branches, ATM, locations and other useful information.MANUALS AND BROACHERS OF DIFFERENT BANKS:-We take the help of bank staff and other people who gives us deep information and data which may not be available at anywhere. They gives us there full co-operation. INTERNET:-We also take into consideration the internet facility with which we collect lot of latest information. SAMPLE PLAN : ? SAMPLE SIZE: Keeping in mind all the constraints the size of the sample of the study was selected as 80. ? SAMPLING UNIT:- Centurion Bank of Punjab Branch in Jalandhar city. Due to nature of study, we also visited various different banks ICICI, HDFC, SBI, PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK etc. f Jalandhar District. ? SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:- Stratified convenient sampling. All the saving account holders were taken into consideration. Research was conducted on clear assumptions that the respondents would give frank and fair answers in a pragmatic way and without any bias. ? SAMPLING DESCRIPTION:- In orde r to understand the nature and characteristics of various respondents in this study, the information was collected and analyzed according to their socio economic background which included the characteristic of their respondents like education, age marital status and monthly income.This description shows that respondents included in this survey belong to different backgrounds and this turn increase the scope of the study. PERSONAL DETAIL AGE |Particulars |%age of Respondent | |20-30 years |20% | |30-40 years |50% | |40-50 years 20% | |50-60 years |10% | [pic] Analysis & Interpretation: From the above study we find that nobody is below 20 age and 20% respondents are between 20-30 age group, 50% respondents are between 30-40 age group, 20% respondents is between 40-50 age group and 10% respondents are between 50-60 age group. SEX Particulars |No of Respondent |%age | |Male |70 |70% | |Female |30 |30% | |Total |100 |100% |Analysis: From the above result we come to know that out of 100, 62 respondents are male and 38 are female which is 62% and 38% are respectively. Interpretation: From the above data we conclude that most of our respondents are male. MARITAL STATUS Particulars |No of Respondent |%age | |Married |33 |33% | |Unmarried |67 |67% | |Total |100 100% | [pic] Analysis: From the above study we find that out of 100%, 33% respondents are married and 67% respondents are unmarried. Interpretation: Most of the respondents of our survey are Unmarried. Q4: HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:- Particulars |No of Respondent |% age | |Matric |4 |4% | |Senior Secondary |14 |14% | |Graduate |46 |46% | |Post graduate | 36 |36% | | Total |100 |100% | [pic] Analysis: This analysis shows that out of 100 respondent, 46% respondents are graduate & professional, 36% respondents are post graduate, 14% respondents are senior secondary and 2% respondents are of Matric category. All the respondents of our survey are qualified. Interpretation: From the above data we conc lude that most of our respondents are Graduates & professional degree holders.OCCUPATION |Particulars |No of Respondent |%age of respondents | |Businessman | 32 |32% | | Government Employee | 28 |28% | | Student | 24 |24% | | Others |16 |16% |Analysis: From the above analysis it is clear that 32% respondents are doing their own business, 28% are employees and 16% respondents belong to other category And 24% of our respondents are students. Most of the respondents of our survey are Businessmen. Interpretation: From the Above data we conclude that most of our survey respondents are businessmen. DATA COLLECTION: Data was collected using two main methods: COLLECTION OF DATA LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Due to constraints of time and resources, the study is likely to suffer from certain limitations. Some of these are mentioned here under so that the findings of the study may be understood in a proper perspective. The limitations of the study are: Some of the respondents of the survey were un willing to share information. ? The research was carried out in a short period of 6 weeks . Therefore the sample size and other parameters were selected accordingly so as to finish the work within the given time frame. ? The information given by the respondents might be biased because some of them might not be interested to give correct information. ? The officials of the bank supported me a lot, but did not have sufficient time to make the points more clear. Analysis of Data collected 1. The respondents were asked about which banking sector’s services do their avail. Table1: banking sector’s services which the respondents avail. Banking sector |Number of respondents | |Public |32 | |Private |38 | |Both |30 | Graph 1: Banking Sector’s services which the respondents avails INTERTRETATION:-It was found that most of the respondents were availing services of private sectors banks while those of the public sector banks were less as compare to public sector 2. The res pondents were Asked about the type of account they have in the public sector as well as Private sector banks Table 2. 1 Number of type of account held in Public sectors banks Type of Accounts Name of Account |Savings |Current |Demat |Fixed deposits |Salary | |Total no of respondents |50 |15 |6 |15 |14 | [pic] Graph 2. 1 :- Number of type of accounts held in Public sector banks Analysis: 50% people own Saving Account, 15% own Current account, 6% demat,15% fixed deposits account and 14% salary Account Interpretation: It was found that in case of public sector banks, maximum number of account holders owns Saving Account. After Saving account most prefer account is salary account prefer by people and the next priority goes to fixed deposits Accounts. 3. The basic purpose of this question was to know the most preferred bank. Table 3. Number of respondents preferring different banks Names of Banks |Number of respondents | |ICICI Bank |24 | |HDFC Bank |22 | |State Bank Group |20 | |Pu njab National Bank |28 | |Punjab And Sind Bank |6 | Analysis: From above graph, it is seen that 28% stake of the respondents follows to Punjab National bank followed byICICI bank. It is the bank which provide 12-hour banking. also the ATM machine is more as compared to the other private sector banks. Interpretation : From the above graph, it is seen that Punjab national is the most preferred bank as compared to other Public and Private sector Banks. The reason for preference of public sector bank is the minimum amount of deposit for saving account. 4. The aim to ask this question was to know he reasons for their preference in different banks :- Table 4:- Reason for account in different banks Reasons |No of respondents | |Friendly Behaviour of the Staff |16 | |Reliability/trust |14 | |Quick and fast services |55 | |Location |15 | Graph 4:-Reasons for account in different banks Inpretation: By analyzing this graph, we can conclude that most of the people is influenced by the qui ck and speedy services provided by the bank and location is given less preference than others. 5. The respondents were asked about the facilities they were availing in public as well as private sector banks :- Table 5. Number of people availing different facilities at public sector banks: |Facilities Availed |No of respondents | |ATM/Debit card |60 | |Demat |5 | |Internet/Mobile/Phone Banking |15 | |Insurance |20 | [pic]Graph 5. 1: Number of people availing different facilities at public sector banks Interpretation: From the above graph, it was found that was availed by most of the people at public sector banks was that of ATM/Debit cards which hold 90% of respondents. It is clearly observed by the graph that Insurance are neck to neck holding 20% of respondent each. 6. The purpose of this question is to know the satisfaction level they were having with their banks overall performance:- Public sector banks Table 6. 1 Satisfaction level of the customers regarding the facilities availed from the public sector banks |Level of Satisfaction |No. f respondents |%age | |Excellent |12 |24% | |Good |21 |42% | |Very Good |27 |54% | Graph 6. 1 Satisfaction level of Customers regarding the facilities availed from the public sector banks. Analysis: It was found that in case of public sectors banks, 18% of the respondents were highly satisfied ranked excellent from the products and services availed by them. 44% were just satisfied given very good and 38% have moderate view. Interpretation: People have mixed type of view regarding public sector banks. 7.The respondents were asked that if they have given option, would they like to shift from the present banks:- Table 7 Number of customers ready to shift from present bank. [pic] Graph 7:- Number of customers ready to shift from their present bank or not. Interpretation: From this above Graph, we can conclude that the number of respondents ready to shift from their present bank is 28% while 70% customers seems to be sat isfied from their bank and hence willing to shift from their present bank to other. 8. The aim to ask this question was to know whether the respondents faces any problem regarding the services provided them by their preferred bank :- Table 8 Problem faced by customers. Types of problem |No of respondents | |Time consuming |10 | |Introduction |8 | |Reference |15 | |Too many formalities |6 | |No facility of photograph instantly |4 | |No problem |6 | [pic] Interpretation: It was found that most of the respondents are facing problem of reference. Respondents also find that the time and too much formalities also cause problem in banks. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY More number of people have account with private banks. ? Majority of the respondents whether in public sectors or in private sector banks have savings account with banks. ? Number of problem faced by the people is more in public sector banks. ? People want a change in the behavior of the staff of the public sector banks. ? People are more satisfied form the private sector banks due to their better services provided by them in terms of speedy transactions, fully computerized facilities, more working hours (in case of ICICI bank, the number of working hour are 12), good investment Advisory services, efficient and co-operative staff, better approach to Customer Relationship Management. In private sector banks proper promotional activities should be taken up so as to make the population aware of the services provided by the banks even in rural areas. ? The facility that was availed by most of the people at public sector banks was that of ATM/Debit cards. The least availed facility was that of Demat account and foreign transfer of funds. ? The facility that was availed by most of the people at private sector banks was that of Internet/Phone banking by ATM/Debit card. ? Majority of respondents do not want to shift from their present bank. ? From the above study it is clear that private banks are providing better services than nationalized banks. 5% respondents favored that private banks are providing better services than nationalized banks while 5% respondents are not agree with it. ? From the above study it is clear that majority of the respondents said that the average balance requirement for operating their saving account is between 5000-10000. 20% said it is between 10000-20000 and remaining 5% said it is between 20000-50000 in private sector banks which as compared to Public sector bank is very high. ? 40% respondents said that the bank employees never pay any attention to them and 10% respondents said that their problems are not solved by bank executives. The remaining 50% respondents give a positive reaction in the favour of bank. 0% respondents favoured that their problems are solved by bank executives and 20% respondents said they are received with smile by bank executives. So there is a mix response. ? Majority of the respondents said that the average time taken for transactions i s between 25 to 50 minutes in their bank. 30% respondents said the average time taken for transaction is between 20-25 minutes, 20% said it is between 10 to 25 min. and remaining 10% said that the average time taken for transaction by their bank is 5 to 10 minutes. ? From the above study is clear that the banks do not organize any customer meets. All the 100% respondents said that their bank does not organize any customer's meets to resolve their problems.Customer satisfaction is the demand of time, so the banks should organize customer meets to resolve the problems of their customers. ? From the above study it is clear that majority of the respondents are ready to pay nominal charges for better services provided by private banks while 40% respondents are not ready to pay any nominal charges. ? The above study depicts that 60% respondent said that their bank updates them time to time about the latest facilities and remaining 40% said that their bank doesn't update them. [pic] SUGGES TIONS Based on the study conducted, There are some of the suggestions given by the customers of how the modern banking should be.These are the comment given by them about the improvement of the banking sector in India. ? Banks should obey the RBI norms and provide facilitiesas per the norms, which are not being followed by the banks. While the customer must be given prompt services and the bank officer should not have any fear on mind to provide the facilities as per RBI norms to the units going sick. ? Banks should increase the rate of saving account ? Banks should provide loan at the lower interest rate and education loans should be given with ease without much documentation. All the banks must provide loans against shares. ? Fair dealing with the customers. More contribution from the employee of the bank.The staff Should be co-operative, friendly and must be capable of understanding the problems of customers ? Internet banking facility must be made available in all the banks. ? P rompt dealing with permanent customers and speedy transaction without harassing the customers ? Each section of every bank should be computerized even in rural areas also. ? Real time gross settlement can play a very important role. ? More ATM coverage should be provided for the convenience of the customers. ? No limit on cash withdrawls on ATM cards. ? The bank should bring out new schemes at time-to-time so that more people can be attracted. Even some gifts and prizes may be offered to the customers for their retention. 24 hours banking should be induced so as to facilitate the customers who may not have a free time in the daytime. It will help in facing the competition more effectively. ? The charges for saving account opening are high, so they should also be reduced. ? Customers generally complain that full knowledge is not granted to them. Thus the bank should properly disclose the features of the product and services to the customers. Moreover door to door services can also be introduced by bank. ? The need of the customer should properly be understood so that customer feels satisfied. The relationship value should be maintained. ? The branch should promote cooperation and coordination among employees which help them in efficient working. Maintenance of proper hierarchy should be done. A good hierarchy set up can ensure better results with in the bank. Banking sector is improving by leaps but still it needs to be improved. Proper and efficient relationship staffs having knowledge for one stop banking, customer friendly atmosphere, and better rate of interest are need of the hour. the concept of privatization has overall improved the services in all the banks. Home banking will be order of the day. Recommendations For Public Sector Banks: †¢ Bank staff should be customer friendly and highly motivated to serve the normal customer. †¢ As far as possible, banks should reduce its documentation process while providing loans. Computerization should be done in banks at all level and the operators should de properly trained. †¢ Token system should be induced so as to minimize the waiting lines in the banks. †¢ Proper ambience in the banks can develop a healthy working culture. †¢ Quick services should be provided. For Private sector Banks †¢ 24 hours banking should be induced so as to facilitate the customers who may not have free time in the day time. It will help in facing the competition more effectively. †¢ More ATM coverage should be provided for the convenience of the customers. †¢ Customer care services should be provided by banks. CONCLUSIONThe customers now days are not only exposed of what type of service is being provided by banks in India but in the world as a whole. They expect much more than what is actually being provided. So the new coming banking sector has to provide and cater to all the needs of the customers otherwise it is difficult to survive in the competition coming up. They no t only expect the safety of money but also best ways to invest that money which need needs to be fulfilled. Banks need to have a better outlook towards to actually what customers are requiring. Entries of the private sector banks have made the competition tougher. If a bank is not functioning properly it is being closed. So it is difficult to face these types of conditions.Here a simple philosophy can work that customers are God and we need to follow this to survive and serve better. The banking sector is poised for explosive growth. In this, scenario, it is imperative that banks adopt technology at an aggressive Pace, if they wish to remain competitive. Mani Mamallan makes a case for banks to outsource their technology infrastructure requirement, thus enabling early adoption and increased efficiencies. In the prevailing scenario, a number of banks have adopt a new deployment strategy of infrastructure outsourcing, to lower the cost of service channels. As a result, other banks too will need to align their reinvented business models. The required changes at both the business and technology levels are enormous.In a highly competitive banking markets, early adopters are profiting from increased efficiencies. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: ? Kothari C. R. (1990) Research Methodology: Method and Techniques; Wishva Prakashan, New Delhi. ? Bodie. Z, Kane. A & Mracus. J : Essentials of Investments. ? Prof. E Gordon & Dr. K. Natrajan â€Å"Banking Theory Law and Practice†. ? â€Å"Indian financial System & Commercial Banking† by Khan Masood Ahmed ? â€Å"Banking in India† by P. N. Varshney WEBSITES: ? www. centurionbop. co. in ? www. pnbindia. com ? www. statebankofindia. com ? www. icicibank. com ? www. rbi. org. in ? www. iba. org. in ? www. knowledgestom. com ? www. igniter. com BROACHERS & PAMPHLETS Broachers and pamphlets of Saving A/c QUESTIONNAIRE â€Å"Comparative Study on public and private sector banks† Dear customer, We are the students of C. T. I. E. M. T. Shahpur, Jalandhar. We are undergoing the project entitled named â€Å"Comparative Study on public and Private sector banks† So by filling this questionnaire please helps us in completing our project. Q1. Which Sector bank do you have your account? Public (Private( Both ( Q2. In which bank do you have your Account? 1. 2. 3. 4. Q3. Which type of account do you have in the bank? Saving ( Current ( Demat ( F. D ( Salary (Q4 In Case you have yours Account in more than one a Bank which one is your most preferred bank (Give only one bank) Q5. Rank the selection criteria for opening account with bank? Brand Image (Services ( Location ( Charges ( Q6. Kindly rank the reasons for yours preference in this particular bank? Quick and fast services (Location ( Friendly Behavior ( Reliability ( Q7. Which facilities are you availing at your bank? Atm/Debit card ( Credit card ( Insurance ( Mobile Banking ( Q8. How often do you use debit card to shop? Occasionally(Never( Q9. How much Satisfied are you with your bank’s overall performance ? Excellent(Very Good(Good ( Q10. Any Specific services you expect from your bank ? Q11. If an option is given to you, would you like to shift from the present Bank? Yes ( No ( Q12. Do you face any problem regarding the services provided by your preferred bank? If Yes Q13. Would you like to give any suggestions for the better functioning of banks in these sectors? Public Sector Private sector 16. Any other suggestions please specify ? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Thanks for your valuable time given to us .We assure you that the information provided by you will remain confidential. Thanks for your co-operation. PERSONAL DETAILS. NAME-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ AG E-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ GENDER-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. EDUCATION-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDRESS-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. PHONE NO. -†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Freedom of Expression - 1919 Words

That there are rights to which people are entitled by virtue of their humanity is not a novel idea. The statement in italic above surely has been presented throughout history as an archetype of this concept, specifically noting freedom of expression as a right to which all hold possession. The assertion of this right is well represented in the Unites States Bill of Rights. Within that document the First Amendment specifically restricts governmental powers prohibiting any such law or act from abbreviating our freedom of speech . This keystone to the American Democratic System spawns dialogue and discourse which forms policy, law, procedure, and so on. I truly believe that the aforementioned claim is accurate; everyone has the right to†¦show more content†¦There is a growing population of parents and educators that suggest game companies shouldn’t be allowed to create violent games or to include sexual content . If we do allow our concept of agency to include companies or organizations then can we allow a restriction on the creativity of game makers? If everyone, including game makers, has the right to express themselves then it would seem that censorship, beyond the parental rating systems, would violate that right. However, consider special interest groups and large corporations that provide campaign funding to particular candidates in governmental elections. In 2010, the US Supreme Court ruled that the government â€Å"could not ban political spending by corporations in candidate elections .† This means that some of the most powerful organizations on the planet can exercise their freedom for expression by providing unlimited funding to support candidates that further their business’s agenda. For all intents and purposes, those who accept conditional special interest funding possess the capacity to campaign with greater intensity, allowing them exposure other candidates fail to get. These candidates run the risk of being indebted to the 20% of the population that control 90% of the financial wealth in the US . It would seem that these corporations, while granted freedom of expression, hold great influence over candidates in US elections. This means that the 80% of the population, which hold 10% of the US financialShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom And Freedom Of Expression1355 Words   |  6 PagesWhat drives immigrants to endure the perilous journey to the United States is precious freedom, and the chance of living the American dream. More commonly parents bring their children in hope for a greater standard of life. Undoubtedly there are better education opportunities that correspond directly to better job opportunities. In other cases immigrants are seeking asylum from war-torn countries just trying to escape death by any means necessary. 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